考研英语之倒装

　　一、为什么要倒装?

　　1、倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调;

　　2、有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物，或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来，从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚，衔接更加紧密，起到承上启下的作用;

　　3、在新闻或文学创作中，有时为了内容的需要，或是为了强调，作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念、渲染气氛;

　　4、在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子，常采用倒装语序。

　　二、倒的是什么东西?

　　倒装：谓语动词提到主语前面

　　I can do it.

　　1.完全倒装：谓语动词全部提到主语前面

　　完全倒装：The boy rushed out.=out rushed the boy.

　　=A short sentence is right正 below the picture.=Right below the picture is a short sentence.主系表=表系主

　　Here comes the bus=The bus comes here.

　　Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture (of a nation (developing more and more regional 地区的 competition)), [as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill].

　　2.部分倒装：助动词(can，may，might，could，will，do，did，does...)提到主语前面

　　Only in this way,can we have a harmonious society.

　　Only after mom came back, did the boy fall asleep.

　　三、倒装的类型

　　Ø 全部倒装

　　1. Here comes the bus.

　　2. Right below the picture is a short sentence.

　　主系表=表系主

　　3.coupled with A is B：伴随着A, B.(原形是B is coupled with A)

　　Coincident with A is B：随着A, B.(原形是B is coincident with A)

　　主系表=表系主

　　*Coincident with concerns about the acceleration loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.

　　*Coupled with the growing quantity of information and demands of getting more useful information is the development of technologies which enable delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations and make it possible to store vast amounts of data.

　　Ø 部分倒装

　　1.部分否定或半否定的词语, 如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until等置于句首

　　(1) Not until…

　　eg. [Not until the child fell asleep] did the mother leave the room.

　　直到……，才……

　　=*It was not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

　　=The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep.

　　(2) Hardly/scarcely…when…

　　eg. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

　　(3) No sooner…than…

　　eg. No sooner had the game begun than it began to rain heavily.

　　(4) Not only…but also…

　　eg. Not only did he refuse the gift, but also he severely criticized the sender.

　　2.only在句首要倒装的情况

　　(1) only+状语(副词、介词短语)放在句首时, 要部分倒装

　　eg. Only [then] did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning.

　　I realized the value of reading aloud every morning only then.

　　Only [by means of cultural exchange] can we avoid避免 misunderstanding 误解each other.

　　如果句子是主从复合句, 主句倒装, 从句不倒装

　　eg. Only [when the war was over in 1918] was he able to get back to work happily.

　　3.as引导的让步状语从句

　　第一类：名词(零冠词)/形容词/副词/分词短语+as+主语+谓语动词，...

　　Although he was a king, he was unhappy.

　　=King as he was,he was unhappy.

　　Smart as she is ,she cannot answer the question.

　　Although he is a child, he knows to help others.

　　=Child as he is ,he knows to help others.

　　第二类：动词+as+主语+助动词，...

　　Although he might try, he couldn’t solve the problem.

　　=Try as he might,he couldn’t solve the problem.

　　Although he failed, he would not lose his mind.

　　=Fail as he did,he would not lose his mind.

　　4.if虚拟条件句(含有had，were，should)，省略if需倒装

　　You could have caught the train had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier.

　　=If you had arrived at the station ten minutes earlier, You could have caught the train.

　　They couldn’t go out should it snow tomorrow.

　　=If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn’t go out.

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